Text File | 1991-04-21 | 27.4 KB | 491 lines | [50] Apple IIgs Word Processing (0x5445)
My Word! User Notes
Copyright 1990-91 Gary Little
By: Gary Little
Date: March 28, 1991
Overview
My Word!™ is a word processor for the Apple® IIGS® which requires System Software 5.0.4 or higher. It takes advantage of two important system software features that Apple Computer, Inc. introduced in System 5.0: resources and the TextEdit tool set. Refer to the section of the Appendix called Installing the My Word! Files for information on how to install My Word! on your startup volume.
You can probably figure out how to use My Word! without reading these notes. It's a standard desktop application you can explore by pulling down all the menus and trying out all the items they contain. Nevertheless, I've put together this summary of commands to get you started.
Editing Keys and Mouse Operations
My Word! supports a number of editing keys and mouse operations to help you compose text and navigate through a document more efficiently. Here is a summary of the editing keys:
Left arrow Moves the insertion point to the previous character.
With the Command key, causes movement by word instead.
With the Option key, causes movement to the start of
the current line.
With the Shift key, extends the selection from the
current insertion point back one character, word (if the
Command key is also held down), or line (if the Option
key is also held down).
Right arrow Moves the insertion point to the next character.
With the Command key, causes movement by word instead.
With the Option key, causes movement to the end of the
current line.
With the Shift key, extends the selection from the
current insertion point ahead one character, word (if the
Command key is also held down), or line (if the Option
key is also held down).
Up arrow Moves the insertion point to the current column position
on the previous line.
With the Command key, causes movement to the start of
the current page.
With the Option key, causes movement to the beginning
of the document.
With the Shift key, extends the selection from the current
insertion point up by a line or page (if the Command
key is also held down), or to the beginning of the
document (if the Option key is also held down).
Down arrow Moves the insertion point to the current column
position on the next line.
With the Command key, causes movement to last line
of the page.
With the Option key moves the insertion point to the
end of the document.
With the Shift key, extends the selection from the current
insertion point down by a line or page (if the Command
key is also held down), or to the end of the document
(if the Option key is also held down).
Delete If there is no current selection, removes the character
or Control-D to the left of the insertion point; if there is a
selection, removes the selected text.
Control-F If there is no current selection, removes the character
to the right of the insertion point; if there is a
selection, removes the selected text.
Control-Y Removes all characters from the insertion point to the
end of the line, not including any terminating return
characters.
Control-X Cuts the current selection and places it on the clipboard.
Control-C Copies the current selection onto the clipboard.
Control-V Pastes the contents of the clipboard at the current
insertion point, or in place of any selected text.
Clear Clears the current selection.
Here are the click and drag operations you can use to set the insertion point or select a range of text:
Click Moves the insertion point - dragging selects by character.
Double click Selects a word - dragging extends the selection by words.
Triple click Selects a line - dragging extends the selection by lines.
Apple Menu
About My Word!...
This item brings up a dialog box containing version and copyright information.
File Menu
New
This item opens a new document window. The name of the document is set to Document.xx where xx is a two-digit number that starts at 01 and increments as you create more documents.
You can have up to ten document windows open at the same time. When ten are open, the New item is dim and you can't select it.
The keyboard equivalent for New is Command-N.
Open...
This item brings up a standard multiple-selection dialog which lets you choose one or more documents to load from disk and display in windows on the desktop.
To open just one file, highlight its name and click the Open All button. (You can also click the Open button if the highlighted file is not a folder. Clicking the Open button when you've highlighted a folder name causes the files in that folder to be listed.) Alternatively, you can simply double-click the file name.
To open multiple files, highlight their names and press the Open All button. To select more than one name, use the Command and Shift keys while clicking names in the scrollable list. Clicking a name while holding down the Command key alternatively selects and deselects that name without affecting other names that have already been selected. Clicking a name while holding down the Shift key extends your selection to include all names from the one clicked to nearest other one selected.
My Word! shows only the names of documents it is capable of opening. This presently includes the following types of documents:
My Word! document files
My Word! stationery files
Plain Text files
Merlin Text files
AppleWorks® Classic word processing files
Teach™ files
If the file you are going to select was created with the Merlin assembler, check the Merlin Text format box first. This tells My Word! to convert the file into standard text format. (My Word! can't distinguish between Merlin text files and standard text files without you specifying the format in advance; hence the need for the check box.) If you open a Merlin text file without checking this box, you will see a document window full of strange-looking characters.
If the file you select is not a My Word! file, a dialog box appears that tells you the file's format and that My Word! is converting it to the My Word! document file format.
My Word! generally sets the name of the document window to the name of the document itself. The exception is for My Word! stationery files which are opened as untitled documents with window names of the form Document.xx.
You can have up to ten document windows open at the same time. When ten are open, the Open... item is dim and you can't select it. If you try to open too many files from the Open... dialog, you will see the error message: Only ten document windows may be open at one time.
The keyboard equivalent for Open... is Command-O.
Close
This item closes the front window (a document window, the clipboard window, or the Find/Replace window).If you're trying to close a document window and you have edited, but not saved,the text, you are asked to confirm the closing of the window.
You can also close the front window by clicking in its close box. If you hold down the Option key while doing this, all the windows will close.
The keyboard equivalent for Close is Command-W. If you hold down the Option key while entering Command-W, all the windows will close.
Save
This item saves the text in the front document window to the file it originally came from or to the file it was last saved to. Documents saved like this are always stored in the standard My Word! document format even if they were originally stored in another format. If you want to save in another format, use the Save as... item instead.
This item behaves like the Save as... item if the window is untitled (i.e., it has a name of the form Document.xx). This gives you a chance to name the file.
This item is dim if the front window is not a document window.
The keyboard equivalent for Save is Command-S.
Save as...
This item lets you save the text in the front document window, or the current selection in the front document window, to a file on disk. It brings up a save dialog which lets you provide a name for the file (the default is the window name). There are also three radio buttons at the bottom of the dialog that let you specify the file format to be used: My Word!, My Word! stationery, or Text.
If a portion of text is selected in the front document window, there will be two more radio buttons at the bottom of the save dialog that let you specify whether the entire document is to be saved or the selection only. The default is Entire.
The format of a My Word! stationery document is identical to that of a standard My Word! document. The functional difference is that My Word! opens a stationery document as an untitled document so that you don't inadvertently overwrite your stationery document when you later save the document back to disk.
This item is dim if the front window is not a document window.
Delete...
This item brings up a standard multiple-selection dialog which lets you delete one or more files from disk.
Single and multiple file names can be selected and deleted using the same general techniques described above in the discussion of the Open... item.
A dialog appears asking you to confirm each deletion before it actually occurs. If you try to delete a folder that is not empty, the following message appears: You can't delete a folder that contains files. To delete a folder, you must first explicitly delete all the files it contains.
Rename...
This item brings up a standard multiple-selection dialog which lets you rename one or more files on disk.
Single and multiple file names can be selected and renamed using the same general techniques described above in the discussion of the Open... item.
For each file to be renamed, you will see a dialog box that asks you to specify the new name for the file.
Page Setup...
This item brings up the standard Page Setup dialog for your printer. When you click OK, a secondary Page Setup dialog appears that is unique to My Word!. This dialog lets you set various parameters that affect the appearance of the printed document:
top margin (in inches)
left margin (in inches)
bottom margin (in inches)
right margin (in inches)
Number the pages check box
Use PostScript background file check box
PostScript file... button
If you're printing to a PostScript®-capable printer like the LaserWriter®, you can specify the name of a file which contains PostScript commands you want sent to the printer when each page of the document is printed. This file could contain, for example, the commands needed to draw a large outline of the word Confidential in the background of a page. An example of a PostScript background file appears in the appendix below.
Print...
This item brings up the standard Print dialog for your printer. When you click OK, My Word! prints the entire document.
If you select 'Text Only' quality (ImageWriter dialog) or 'Draft' quality (Epson dialog), a second dialog appears when you click OK. This is the 'Text Only' Printer Chooser dialog. This dialog lets you pick any character device connected to the system as the destination for your printed output (the printer you selected via the Control Panel is ignored). This could be a printer, a modem, or even a file on disk, for example.
The Printer Chooser dialog also lets you indicate whether a line feed is to be sent after a carriage return code, what horizontal pitch your character device will print at (10 characters/inch or 12 characters/inch), and what setup command (if any) you wish to send to the character device. (You might use the setup command to set the pitch or print quality, for example.) Note that My Word! does not automatically send the code needed to set the specified pitch; that's a device-specific command you need to include in the setup command.My Word! uses your specified pitch setting to properly position text on the page; it does not automatically send the command to set that pitch.
If you choose to print to a file on disk, a dialog appears asking you to provide a name for the file.
Note: 'Text Only' or 'Draft' printing under My Word! routes characters directly to the character device, bypassing the usual Apple IIGS printing procedure. This is done to maximize throughput.
The keyboard equivalent for Print... is Command-P.
Print Selection...
This item behaves just like the Print... item, but only the current selection is printed. This item is dim if there is no current selection.
Transfer...
This item lets you quit My Word! and run another GS/OS® or ProDOS® 8 application program.It brings up a standard file selection dialog from which you can choose the name of the application you want to run. Before quitting, My Word! asks whether you want to save any documents which you have edited but not yet saved.
If you want to return directly to My Word! when the next program quits, click the Return when done check box before clicking the Run button.
Quit
This item shuts down My Word! and returns you to Finder. Before shutting down, My Word! asks whether you want to save any documents which you have edited but not yet saved.
The keyboard equivalent for Quit is Command-Q.
Edit Menu
Undo
My Word! does not support the undo feature. This item is here to support desk accessories.
The keyboard equivalent for Undo is Command-Z.
Cut
This item removes the current selection from the document and copies it to the clipboard. If there is no current selection, this item is dim.
The keyboard equivalent for Cut is Command-X.
Copy
This item copies the current selection to the clipboard. If there is no current selection, this item is dim.
The keyboard equivalent for Copy is Command-C.
Paste
This item copies text on the clipboard to the current document at the current insertion point. (If you've selected a range of text in the document, the selection is removed first.) If there is no text on the clipboard, this item is dim.
The keyboard equivalent for Paste is Command-V.
Clear
This item removes the current selection from the document. It does not copy the selection to the clipboard. If there is no current selection, this item is dim.
Select All
This item selects all the text in the front document window. If a document window is not in front, this item is dim.
The keyboard equivalent for Select All is Command-A.
Show Clipboard / Hide Clipboard
Show Clipboard shows the contents of the clipboard (text or graphics) in a window. When the clipboard window is visible, this item name changes to Hide Clipboard and you can select it to make the clipboard window invisible.
Ruler...
This item brings up a dialog that lets you set the visual appearance of the document in the front window. The attributes you can set are as follows:
text justificiation: left, right, center, full
tab spacing (in pixels)
left margin (in pixels)
text width (in pixels)
paragraph indentation (in pixels)
line spacing (in pixels)
Note that these attributes affect the entire document. It is not possible to have different rulers for different portions of the document.
If a document window is not in front, this item is dim.
The keyboard equivalent for Ruler... is Command-R.
Find Menu
Find/Replace...
This item brings up a modeless dialog that lets you specify an arbitrary string to find in the front document, and, if you want to replace it, the replacement string. You can specify whether a search is to be Case Sensitive and whether you want to Confirm Replacements.
To do a Find and Replace operation, click the Replace button. (You will be asked to confirm replacements if you've marked the Confirm Replacements check box.) To do a simple Find operation, click the Find button.
When My Word! finds a string match, it scrolls the relevant portion of the document into view.
The keyboard equivalent for Find/Replace... is Command-F.
Find Same
This item finds the next occurrence of the last string you asked My Word! to look for.
When My Word! finds a string match, it scrolls the relevant portion of the document into view.
The keyboard equivalent for Find Same is Command-G.
Find Selection
This item finds the word or phrase you have selected in the document. (The word or phrase currently selected actually appears in the menu item instead of the word Selection.)
When My Word! finds a string match, it scrolls the relevant portion of the document into view.
The keyboard equivalent for Find Selection is Command-H.
Display Selection
This item scrolls the document so that your current selection point appears in the visible portion of the window.
Font Menu
Choose Font...
This item brings up the standard font chooser dialog which lets you specify any arbitrary font, size, and style to be applied to the current selection. If there is no current selection, just an insertion point, characters typed at that insertion point will be of the font, size, and style selected.
The keyboard equivalent for Choose Font... is Command-Y.
Font Names
Following the Choose Font... item are the names of all the fonts available to the system. The unique font associated with the current selection, or insertion point, has a check mark next to it. To change the font for the selection or insertion point, select the name of the font you want.
Size Menu
This menu contains items which are the real (non-scaled) point sizes for the current font. The unique size associated with the current selection, or insertion point, has a check mark next to it. To change the size for the selection or insertion point, select the appropriate item. If you want to use a size not listed, use the Choose Font item in the Font Menu instead.
Style Menu
The items in this menu let you set the style of the current selection: plain, bold, italic, underline, outline, or shadow. Except for plain, style attributes are cumulative; that is, you can apply more than one of them at once to the current selection in the document. If there is no current selection, just an insertion point, this style will be applied to characters you type while at that insertion point.
Attributes that apply to the current selection have a check mark next to them.
Plain
This sets the plain text style, which looks like this.
The keyboard equivalent for Plain is Command-T.
Bold
This sets the bold style, which looks like this. If all the text in the current selection is already bolded, the text becomes unbolded instead.
The keyboard equivalent for Bold is Command-B.
Italic
This sets the italic style, which looks like this.If all the text in the current selection is already italicized, the text becomes unitalicized instead.
The keyboard equivalent for Italic is Command-I.
Underline
This sets the undeline style, which looks like this. If all the text in the current selection is already underlined, the text becomes ununderlined instead.Note that some fonts, such as Shaston 8, cannot be underlined.
The keyboard equivalent for Underline is Command-U.
Outline
This sets the outline style, which looks like this.If all the text in the current selection is already outlined, the text becomes unoutlined instead.
Shadow
This sets the shadow style, which looks like this.If all the text in the current selection is already shadowed, the text becomes unshadowed instead.
Window Menu
This menu contains a list of the names of all the document windows. (The one at the front has a check mark next to it.) Bring a document window to the front by selecting its name from this menu.
Foreground Menu
This menu lets you specify the foreground color of the selected text. If there is no current selection, just an insertion point, this color will be applied to characters you subsequently type.
Background Menu
This menu lets you specify the background color of the selected text. If there is no current selection, just an insertion point, this color will be applied to the background of characters you subsequently type.
APPENDIX
Installing the My Word! Files
The My Word! system is made up of three files:
+ My.Word is the My Word! application itself. It is a GS/OS system file which can be launched from Finder. Put this file in a folder called My.Word on your startup volume so that Finder will automatically launch it when you double-click a My Word! document icon.
+ FType.My.Word contains the names Finder uses to identify the three types of data files unique to My Word!:
"My Word! document" for file type $0050, auxiliary type $00005445
"My Word! stationery" for file type $0050, auxiliary type $00005446
"My Word! preferences" for file type $005A, auxiliary type $0000800C
Put the FType.My.Word file in the Icons folder of your startup volume.
+ My.Word.Icons contains the icons Finder uses to display the three types of data files unique to My Word! as well as the My Word! application itself. This file also contains the information Finder needs to automatically run My Word! when you select a My Word! document file (or files) from Finder and choose the Open or Print command. The My Word! application pathname specified for document files and stationery files is */My.Word/My.Word. You can change this pathname, if necessary, using an icon-editing utility such as DAL Systems' DIcEd™ or Paul Elseth's IconEd™. Put the My.Word.Icons file in the Icons folder of your startup volume.
File Formats
My Word! Documents
My Word! documents contain the styled text you create with the My Word! application. These documents have a GS/OS file type of $0050 and auxiliary type of $00005445, the same as the Teach documents described in Apple II File Type Notes for File Type $50 and Auxiliary Type $5445.
The data fork of a My Word! document contains the ASCII text for the document with a carriage return following every paragraph. The structure of the data fork is identical to that of a Teach document.
The resource fork of a My Word! document contains the two standard Teach resources ($8012 and $7001) and three resources unique to My Word!. Here is a complete list:
type $8012 (rStyleBlock), ID $00000001
type $7001, ID $00000001
type $6FFE, ID $00000001
type $6FFF, ID $00000001
type $8023 (rC1OutputString), ID $00000001
(rStyleBlock and rC1OutputString are symbolic names used by programmers.)
The rStyleBlock resource contains the style and ruler information for the text contained in the data fork.
The $7001 resource contains information about the size and position of the document window the last time the document was saved to disk.
The $6FFE resource contains the Page Layout information you specify in the secondary Page Setup... dialog described above.
The $6FFF resource contains the print record used when the document was last printed.
The rC1OutputString resource, if present, contains the name of the PostScript background file.
My Word! Stationery Documents
My Word! stationery documents are identical in structure to standard My Word! document files. The only difference is the auxiliary type for the file: it is $00005446, not the $00005445 used to identify standard document files.
My Word! Preferences
The My Word! preferences file, called My.Word.Prefs, has a file type of $005A and auxiliary type of $0000800C. It is stored in the same folder as the My Word! application or, if you launched My Word! from an AppleShare file server configured for use by Apple II clients, in your user directory.
The preferences file contains information you specify in the 'Text Only' Printer Chooser dialog when you indicate you want to print in 'Text Only' or 'Draft' mode.
PostScript Files
The secondary Page Setup dialog lets you specify the name of a file containing PostScript commands to be processed when each page of the document is printed on a LaserWriter. Here is an example of what such a file might contain:
/pointSize 136 def
/myText (Confidential) def
/center {stringwidth pop 2 div neg 0 moveto} def
/drawOutline {false charpath stroke} def
initmatrix
/Times-Roman findfont pointSize scalefont setfont
306 396 translate 45 rotate
myText center
myText drawOutline
These commands tell the LaserWriter to draw the word Confidential in 136-point type and outline style at a 45 degree angle.
For more information on the PostScript page description language, refer to PostScript Language Reference Manual and PostScript Language Tutorial and Cookbook (see bibliography).
Tips
1. When My Word! first starts up, it usually creates an empty document window called Document.01. If you hold down the Command key while My Word! starts up, a standard Open dialog comes up instead, allowing you to choose a document that already exists.
2. Here is a list of all the keyboard equivalents you can use with My Word!:
Keyboard Equivalent Description
Command-A Select All
Command-B Bold
Command-C Cut
Command-F Find/Replace...
Command-G Find Next
Command-H Find Selection
Command-I Italic
Command-N New
Command-O Open...
Command-P Print...
Command-Q Quit
Command-R Ruler...
Command-S Save
Command-T Plain
Command-V Paste
Command-W Close
Command-X Cut
Command-Y Choose Font...
Command-Z Undo
3. Finder automatically launches My Word! and opens the My Word! document or My Word! stationery document you double-click from Finder. If you want to run My Word! when you double-click a text file or an AppleWorks Classic word processing file, use an icon-editing utility like DAL Systems' DIcEd or Paul Elseth's IconEd to edit the pathname attribute for the icons associated with file type $0004 (text) and file type $001A (AppleWorks Classic word processing). For convenience, icons for these file types are included in the My.Word.Icons file, so you can edit their attributes there instead of hunting for them in the other icon files you have in the Icons folder. (Text and AppleWorks icons in another icon file will override those in My.Word.Icons if Finder encounters the other file after processing My.Word.Icons. In this situation, you will have to edit the attributes of the icons in the other file instead.)
Bibliography and Diskography
1. DIcEd v1.21. Price: $15.00. DAL Systems, P.O. Box 875, Cupertino, CA 95015. This is an icon-editing utility for the Apple IIGS.
2. IconEd v1.2. Price: $15.00. Paul Elseth, 2739 Fairview Ct., SE, Rochester, MN 55901. This is an icon-editing utility for the Apple IIGS.
3. Apple IIGS Toolbox Reference: Volume 3 by Apple Computer, Inc. Price: $39.95. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Reading, MA 01867. This book shows how to program using the latest IIGS toolbox features, including resources and the TextEdit tool set.
4. PostScript Language Reference Manual by Adobe Systems, Inc. Price: $26.95. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Reading, MA 01867. This book is the official reference to the PostScript page description language used in the Apple LaserWriter. A second edition of this book is planned for fall 1990.
5. PostScript Language Tutorial and Cookbook by Adobe Systems, Inc. Price: $16.95. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Reading, MA 01867. This book provides a wealth of sample code for budding PostScript programmers.
6. Apple II File Type Notes by Apple Computer, Inc. These notes are prepared by the Developer Technical Support group at Apple and are widely available from information services and user groups. They are also available from the Apple Programmers and Developers Association.These notes describe the structure and content of different ProDOS files and are organized by file type code and auxiliary type code.
Trademarks
My Word! is a trademark of Gary Little. Apple, IIGS, LaserWriter, GS/OS, and ProDOS are registered trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc. AppleWorks is a registered trademark of Apple Computer, Inc. licensed to Claris Corporation.Teach is a trademark of Apple Computer, Inc. PostScript is a registered trademark of Adobe Systems, Inc. IconEd is a trademark of Paul Elseth. DIcEd is a trademark of DAL Systems.Merlin is a trademark of Roger Wagner Publishing, Inc.
